Rosacea: Causes, Signs; Symptoms & Treatment

Definition and characteristics

Rosacea is a long-term skin condition that primarily affects the face. It manifests as persistent redness, visible blood vessels, and sometimes acne-like bumps. The condition can cause discomfort, stinging, and burning sensations, significantly impacting an individual’s quality of life.

Common misconceptions about rosacea

Many people mistakenly believe this condition to be merely a form of acne or a result of poor hygiene. In reality, it’s a distinct condition with unique triggers and symptoms. It can affect anyone, although it is more common in fair-skinned individuals and those with a family history of the condition.

Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea

This subtype is characterised by persistent facial redness, often accompanied by episodes of flushing and the presence of visible blood vessels. This subtype is the most common and frequently the first to appear in individuals with rosacea. The redness is typically centred on the central areas of the face, such as the cheeks, nose, chin, and forehead. Over time, the redness may become more permanent and less responsive to external triggers, making early diagnosis and management crucial in preventing the condition from worsening.

Papulopustular rosacea

Papulopustular is distinguished by its acne-like breakouts, including red, swollen bumps (papules) and pus-filled pimples (pustules). Unlike acne, these lesions are not associated with blackheads or whiteheads, and they typically occur on a background of persistent redness. This subtype is often more inflammatory and can cause significant discomfort and distress for those affected. This subtype can be mistaken for acne but requires different treatment approaches.

Phymatous rosacea

Phymatous results in thickened, bumpy skin with an irregular surface texture, most commonly on the nose—a condition known as rhinophyma. This subtype can also affect other areas of the face, such as the chin, forehead, cheeks, and ears. The skin changes are due to the overgrowth of sebaceous glands and connective tissue, leading to a bulbous, swollen appearance.

Ocular rosacea

Ocular affects the eyes and the surrounding area, leading to symptoms such as redness, dryness, irritation, a gritty sensation, and swollen or inflamed eyelids. In some cases, it can cause more severe issues like blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelids) or conjunctivitis (inflammation of the eye’s outer layer). If left untreated, ocular rosacea can result in complications such as corneal damage or vision impairment. Early recognition and treatment are vital to prevent these more serious outcomes.

Genetic factors

Environmental triggers

Lifestyle factors

Common rosacea triggers to avoid

Facial redness and flushing

Visible blood vessels

Bumps and pimples

Skin thickening

Eye irritation in ocular rosacea

When to consult a dermatologist

If you’re dealing with persistent facial redness, visible blood vessels, or bumps that just won’t go away with over-the-counter treatments, it’s time to see a dermatologist. They can give you an accurate diagnosis and help you find the right treatment.

Common diagnostic procedures

Dermatologists usually start with a thorough skin examination and a review of your medical history. Sometimes, they might do a skin biopsy to rule out other conditions. It’s all about getting to the root of the problem so you can get the best care possible.

Topical medications

Topical treatments, such as metronidazole and soolantra, can reduce inflammation and redness. Creams containing antibiotics or azelaic acid are also effective.

Oral medications

Oral antibiotics like doxycycline and erythromycin are often prescribed for moderate to severe forms of the condition. In severe cases, isotretinoin may be used under close medical supervision.

Light and laser therapies

Laser treatments can reduce visible blood vessels and redness. Light therapies, including IPL (intense pulsed light), are also effective in managing symptoms.

Combination therapies

Managing this skin concern often requires a mix of treatments to get the best results. For example, you might use a topical cream to reduce redness and an oral medication to control inflammation. Some people also find laser therapy helpful for reducing visible blood vessels. By combining these different approaches, you can tackle the condition from multiple angles and find a routine that works best for you.

Gentle cleansing: the key to caring for a reactive skin

Using a gentle cleanser helps maintain the skin’s barrier without causing irritation. Especially for sensitive skin, it’s vital to choose a formula that respects the skin’s natural balance. The Vinohydra Moisturizing Cleansing Gel is a delicately foaming daily cleanser designed to gently cleanse and soften the skin. Formulated for dry and sensitive skin, this sulphate- and soap-free gel removes make-up while preserving the skin barrier and preventing dehydration – leaving skin feeling soft, comfortable, and moisturised from the first application.

Hydration: balancing moisture without irritation

Moisturisers should be non-comedogenic and free from irritating ingredients. Products with ceramides and hyaluronic acid can help maintain skin hydration. Start by applying a hyaluronic acid serum to support your skin’s overall hydration. Then you can use one of the moisturizing creams for dry skin from the VinoHydra collection:

• VinoHydra Grape Water Gel Moisturizer: This moisturiser includes organic grape water and aloe vera, making it ideal for normal to combination skin. It provides lightweight hydration and soothes the skin without leaving it greasy.

• VinoHydra Sorbet Cream Moisturizer: Featuring chamomile and organic grape water, this gel-cream is suitable for normal to sensitive skin. It hydrates, soothes, and helps reduce redness, providing a calming effect.

• VinoHydra Deep Hydration Moisturizer: Formulated with hyaluronic acid and polyphenols, this rich moisturiser is perfect for dry to very dry skin. It offers deep hydration and nourishment to combat dryness.

Sun protection: a critical step for protecting your skin

Daily use of a broad-spectrum sunscreen for face with an SPF of 30 or higher is crucial to protect sensitive skin from UV rays.

Dietary considerations

Incorporating anti-inflammatory foods into your diet can help manage the condition. These foods, such as leafy greens, berries, and fatty fish, can reduce inflammation and support overall skin health. They work by calming the body’s inflammatory response, which can help minimise flare-ups.

Stress management techniques

Stress can trigger flare-ups. Incorporate relaxation techniques such as yoga, meditation, and deep breathing exercises into your daily routine.

Exercise and skin redness: finding the balance

Exercise is beneficial, but intense workouts can trigger flare-ups. Opt for moderate activities and cool down properly to avoid overheating.